With the demand for economic structures in society, the application of stainless steel/nickel based alloy dissimilar metal joints in aerospace, transportation, bioengineering, nuclear power, navigation, and military fields is becoming increasingly widespread. However, the chemical composition and properties of the interface between dissimilar materials can undergo rapid changes, leading to structural deformation and high gradient residual stress, making the joint prone to failure. The chemical composition, microstructure, and properties of functionally graded materials (FGM) gradually change along the material thickness or length direction [3], which can overcome the above problems and achieve effective connection [4] [5].
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