Compared with hepatotoxicity, acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity is rare. The survey shows that about 9% of patients have acute renal failure or chronic kidney disease after taking the drug in excess or for a long time. At present, there are relatively few studies on the mechanism of acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity, and there are many controversies due to the different formation mechanism. Because acetaminophen often causes renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity at the same time in clinic, most of the early people think that renal damage is secondary to serious liver failure. However, it has been reported that acute renal failure in some patients after overdose is not accompanied by obvious liver damage, indicating that paracetamol itself can also cause nephrotoxicity. The mechanism of acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity is generally believed to be similar to that of hepatotoxicity and related to the metabolism of drugs in vivo. That is to say, excessive acetaminophen is also metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzyme in kidney to produce NAPQI, which binds with cellular protein after glutathione depletion, causing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and kidney damage [15].<br>
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