According to literature [18], the humpback whale swims toward its prey in a spiral motion during the predatory behavior phase of vomiting bubbles, so the mathematical model of the spiral update phase is as follows
According to the literature, humpback whales swim to their prey in a spiral motion during the predation behavior phase of spitting bubbles, so the mathematical model of the spiral renewal stage is as follows.
According to the reference [18], humpback whales swim to their prey in a spiral motion during the stage of predator-prey behavior when they spit bubbles, so the mathematical model of the spiral renewal stage is as follows<br>