Crystal is an indispensable component in STC89C51 microcontroller system, the lower the clock frequency, the slower the speed of the microcontroller system, the higher the clock frequency, the faster the microcontroller system. The existence of crystal is mainly to provide clock signal for the microcontroller system. For the clock signal of the STC89C51 microcontroller, it includes two modes: internal clock and external clock, as shown in Figure 3-3 below, the frame of the internal clock structure of the STC89C51 microcontroller. On the basis of the oscillation circuit existing in the microcontroller system itself, the crystal is connected with the 18 and 19 pins of the microcontroller, and then two capacitors are connected in parallel to form the self-exciting oscillator, at which point the clock signal required by the microcontroller can be generated. The main functions of the two capacitors are to stabilize the frequency and speed up the oscillation. The size of the capacitor value is between 5pF and 30pF, the most commonly used capacitor value is 30pF, the oscillation frequency is between 1.2Mhz and 12Mhz, the most commonly used is 6Mhz and 12Mhz.
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