种群的遗传结构反应了种群间在长期生活史中进化、繁殖方式、自然选择、基因

Population genetic structure of the reaction between the long-term evolution of populations in the life cycle, mode of reproduction, natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift and mutations interactions. Therefore, the genetic structure of the Endangered Plants for the protection and development and utilization of germplasm resources are very important. In this study, the system UPGMA dendrogram, PCoA classification map and population genetic population structure analysis show that 17 Pterospermum natural population can be divided into I, II two clusters, where the cluster I may be subdivided into Ia, Ib, Ic and the other four subgroups Id, II cluster can be subdivided into IIa, IIb and IIc other three subgroups. But four subsets of cluster II, although the weak can be subdivided into four sub-groups, but the distribution is more concentrated among subsets, so we tend to Pterospermum divided into I, II cluster. While the non-uniform sampling, STUCTURE software may reduce the reliability of the calculation results, but three ways 17 Semiliquidambar divided natural population genetic structure basically the same, but there are subtle differences in the divided part of the sample, therefore, the present test conclusions more credible. It is noted that, although the RS and SW, SC populations are far away geographically, wherein the RS, respectively SW western and northern edges of the population, they are clustered into subsets lib together, and these three populations are in addition to SW It has a relatively high genetic diversity, which could be due to genetic RS and SW, SC may come from a common ancestor, despite the geographical distance between them very far. DH population and the eastern edge of Central DY, LA and LC and other three populations are also clustered together NJ subgroup Ib, southern and northeastern edges, ZN clustered together Ia. Have similar three geographic populations south WP, CT clustered together and YD IIc, central SX, QL, and YP also other three populations with polyethylene adjacent to Id. Clustering can be seen there is a certain correlation with a geographic location, but not significantly, while detecting Mantel (r = 0.068, P = 0.350 ) but also showed Pterospermum between genetic distance and geographical distance no significant correlation. The study also showed that the majority of self-incompatibility exists between the semi-maple natural population <br>genetic differences moderate or high levels, indicating that Pterospermum the development of high value in use, such as breeding to meet market demand ornamental Pterospermum stable varieties and breeding high content of medicinal ingredients Pterospermum varieties.

The genetic structure of the population reflects the interaction of evolution, reproduction, natural selection, gene flow, gene mutation and gene drift in the long life history of the population. Therefore, it is very important to study the genetic structure of endangered plants for the protection and exploitation of seed resources. In this study, the UPGMA system cluster, PCoA population classification map and population genetic structure analysis all show that 17 semi-maple natural populations can be divided into I, II clusters, of which I clustercant into Ia, Ib, Ic and Id, etc. 4 subgroups, II clusters can be subdivided into IIa, IIb and IIc and other 3 subgroups. However, although the four subgroups of cluster II can be slightly sub-grouped into four subgroups, they are more concentrated among the subgroups, so we tend to divide the half maple load into I and II clusters. Although the reliability of the CALCULATION results of the STUCTURE software may be reduced when the sampling is uneven, the genetic structure of the 17 and a half maple-load natural populations is basically the same, except that there are slight differences in the division of some samples, so the conclusions of this trial are more reliable. It is worth noting that although the RS and SW and SC populations are geographically distant, with RS and SW being the western and northern edge populations, they are together as subgroup IIb, and all three populations have relatively high genetic diversity in addition to SW, which may be due to genetic RS and SW, SCs may come from the same ancestor, although they are geographically distant. The eastern edge population DH and the central DY, LA and LC populations also converge together as subgroup Ib, and the NJ and ZN in the southern and north-eastern edges together are Ia. There are also three geographically similar populations of SOUTH-Central WP, CT and YD together for IIc, and three adjacent populations, SX, QL and YP in the middle, together as Id. It can be seen that there is a certain correlation between clustering and geographical location, but not significant, and the Mantel test (r s 0.068, P s 0.350) also shows no significant correlation between the genetic distance and geographical distance of the semi-maple population. This study also showed the existence of a majority of the semi-maple natural populations of self-dekincity<br>Moderate or higher level of genetic differences, which shows that semi-maple load has a high value of development and utilization, such as the selection of ornamental semi-maple solid varieties in line with market demand and the selection of semi-maple load varieties with high medicinal ingredient content.

The genetic structure of population reflects the interaction of evolution, reproduction mode, natural selection, gene flow, gene mutation and gene drift in the long life cycle. Therefore, it is very important to study the genetic structure of endangered plants for the protection, development and utilization of germplasm resources. In this study, UPGMA system clustering, PCoA population classification and population genetic structure analysis showed that 17 natural populations of Schima superba can be divided into two clusters, I and II, among which cluster I can be divided into four subgroups, I a, I B, I C and I d, and cluster II can be divided into three subgroups, I a, II B and II C. However, although the four subgroups of cluster II can be subdivided into four subgroups, the distribution of subgroups is relatively concentrated, so we tend to divide the half maple leaf into cluster I and II. Although the reliability of the results calculated by stucture software may be reduced when the sampling is not uniform, the genetic structure of 17 populations of Schima superba divided by the three methods is basically the same, but there are slight differences in the division of some samples. Therefore, the conclusion of this experiment is of high reliability. It is worth noting that although RS, SW and SC populations are far away from each other in geographical location, among which RS and SW are marginal populations in the West and north respectively, they are grouped into sub group iib together, and these three populations have relatively high genetic diversity except for SW, which may be due to genetic RS, SW and SC may come from the same ancestor, although they are far away from each other geographically. DH and Dy, La and LC populations in the East and the middle also gather as sub group Ib, and NJ and Zn populations in the South and the Northeast gather as IA. There are also three populations WP, CT and YD in the central and southern part of the region which are geographically close together to form IIC, and three neighboring populations SX, QL and YP in the central part of the region to form ID. It can be seen that there is a certain correlation between clustering and geographical location, but it is not significant. At the same time, Mantel test (r = 0.068, P = 0.350) also shows that there is no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance between populations of schizophrenia superba. This study also showed that most of the self incompatible populations of schizophrenic schizophrenic existed<br>The moderate or higher level of genetic difference shows that the half Maple lotus has high development and utilization value, such as breeding ornamental half Maple lotus stable varieties that meet the market demand and breeding half Maple Lotus Varieties with high content of medicinal ingredients.<br>